National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) Group Fitness Instructor Practice Exam

Which component of fitness is primarily enhanced by aerobic exercise?

1. Flexibility

2. Muscular strength

3. Cardiovascular endurance

4. Balance

The correct answer is: Cardiovascular endurance

Aerobic exercise primarily enhances cardiovascular endurance. This component of fitness refers to the ability of the heart, lungs, and vascular system to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscles during sustained physical activity. Engaging in activities such as running, cycling, swimming, or dancing increases your heart rate and improves the efficiency of your cardiovascular system. This efficiency boosts not only the oxygen delivery to muscles but also their ability to utilize oxygen effectively, which is crucial for maintaining prolonged activity. As cardiovascular endurance improves, individuals typically experience benefits such as increased stamina, better overall health, and a reduced risk of chronic diseases associated with inactivity. The other components mentioned—flexibility, muscular strength, and balance—while important for overall fitness, are not primarily targeted by aerobic exercise. Flexibility involves the range of motion of joints, muscular strength relates to the amount of force a muscle can generate, and balance is about stability and coordination. While aerobic activities can have secondary benefits for these components, they do not primarily enhance them the way they significantly boost cardiovascular endurance.